C4A and systemic lupus erythematosus: Deficiencies of the early complement components, C1, C2, and C4, are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and classically associated with autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), although the impact on Nm infection is controversial (Fijen et al. 1989; Macedo and Isaac 2016; Tebruegge and Curtis 2008).