Previous reports showed that fusion vaccines composed of Ag proteins with XCL1 can be targeted and loaded to cDC1s or XCR1+ DCs, and elicit Ag-specific CD8+ T-cell responses.23–25 Fossum et al. have shown that the intramuscular injection of DNA vaccine encoding the Ag protein fused with XCL1 can provoke Ag-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and induce prophylactic effects against influenza virus infection.23 This DNA vaccination has not been tested in tumour models, although theoretically it should be effective. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.