CSF2 and cancer: Sipuleucel-T is an active cellular immunotherapy aimed at the treatment of prostate cancers, and involves autologous peripheral-blood mononuclear cells, including Ag-presenting cells, activated ex vivo by a fusion protein consisting of a cancer Ag, prostatic acid phosphatase37 and a DC-activating granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).