XCL1 and neoplasm: Previous reports showed that fusion vaccines composed of Ag proteins with XCL1 can be targeted and loaded to cDC1s or XCR1+ DCs, and elicit Ag-specific CD8+ T-cell responses.23–25 Fossum et al. have shown that the intramuscular injection of DNA vaccine encoding the Ag protein fused with XCL1 can provoke Ag-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and induce prophylactic effects against influenza virus infection.23 This DNA vaccination has not been tested in tumour models, although theoretically it should be effective.