Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, have been approved for the treatment of advanced NSCLC, following randomised trials that confirmed the improvement of the overall survival and a better toxicity profile compared with chemotherapy.1 Nevertheless, despite the documented prolongation of life, the response rates to immunotherapy are less than 25% in previously untreated patients, which increases to 35% when tumours extensively express PD-L1.2 Moreover, responders will eventually relapse. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.