In addition, because both HIV infection [28] and Aβ pathology [29, 30] were linked to the inflammasome pathway, and RAGE was shown to signal through the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome [31], we further aimed to examine the impact of Aβ-ECV transfer on the NLRP3 inflammasome in NPCs. Here, NLRP3 is linked to HIV infectious disease.