Recently, studies demonstrated that DMF is highly active to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation by activating the Nrf-2 genetic program to promote axonal regeneration and neurological recovery in MS as well as in other neurodegenerative diseases [54], demonstrating that DMF can alleviate early brain injury and secondary cognitive deficits in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage [55]. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.