Aptamer (T1) conjugated to liposomal doxorubicin [32] or lipid-coated biodegradable hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticle co-encapsulated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), doxorubicin and IL-2 [33] showed a high affinity for both tumor cells and PMN-MDSCs [32] or to induce a reduction in the number of MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment of mouse models [33]. Here, IL2 is linked to neoplasm.