Consistent with our findings, activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling was found to induce Cx43 expression in astrocytes [35], and G-CSF was shown to decrease the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias by increasing Cx43 expression in the infarct margin and shortening the action potential duration [36]. Here, GJA1 is linked to Ventricular arrhythmia.