In 1 study of 65 patients with pancreatic cancer, 8 (12.3%) patients had mutation in the serine protease 1 gene (PRSS1) coding for the cationic trypsinogen (trypsin 1),33 with corresponding higher serum levels of trypsin compared to nonmutated cancers and controls. This evidence concerns the gene PRSS1 and pancreatic neoplasm.