TNF and ulcer disease: Treatment with either ESO or LZD (3.75 and 7.50 mg/kg) significantly decreased duodenal TNF-α level (35.54%, 25.79%, and 39.09%, respectively) and increased the anti-inflammatory IL-4 (77.87%, 31.22%, and 64.34%, respectively) and IL-10 (76.97%, 48.09%, and 71.16%, respectively) levels of ulcer-bearing duodenal tissue as compared to the DU model groups.