TNF and Peptic ulcer: Both PGE2 and TNF-α can be controlled by TLR-2/MyD88 signaling pathway, and numerous studies have demonstrated that downregulation of TLR-2/MyD88 signaling pathway [37], promotion of PGE2 secretion [4], and inhibition of TNF-α expression [3, 5] could make important contribution to the suppression of the development of peptic ulcer.