SIRT1 was proved to alleviate inflammation and apoptosis via deacetylating inflammatory transcription factors; therefore, SIRT1 was gradually coming to be interpreted as a DR protector (Mishra et al., 2018), whereas in DM patients and especially in patients with poor glycemic control, SIRT1 was significantly downregulated (Balestrieri et al., 2013). The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.