It includes the emergence of insulin resistance, other than variations in the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) axis, occurrence of adipocytokine imbalance, the state of chronic tissue inflammation, and the induction of cellular oxidative stress (Shimizu et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2018; Sergi et al., 2019). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is Insulin resistance.