This neuroinflammatory component of AD is further characterized by a local cytokine (e.g. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) accumulation mediating acute-phase response, activation of the complement cascade and induction of inflammatory enzyme systems such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 [42, 43]. The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is Alzheimer disease.