In this Article, we use the term CKD to refer to elevated urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), dialysis, or kidney transplantation as direct causes of morbidity and mortality, whereas we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to elevated ACR or decreased eGFR without dialysis or kidney transplantation as risk factors for cardiovascular disease and gout in addition to the direct estimates of mortality and morbidity from CKD. Here, ALB is linked to chronic kidney disease.