The results showed that upregulation of TRPV1 obviously decreased the number of neuritic plaques in the hippocampus of APP23/PS45 mice (WT: n = 14 slices from 3 mice; AD + AAVEGFP: n = 34 slices from 8 mice, 36.69 ± 4.13, p < .001 vs. WT; AD + AAVTRPV1: n = 35 slices from 9 mice, 16.63 ± 2.78, p < .001 vs. AD + AAVEGFP; Figure 1g and h), whereas downregulation of TRPV1 had no effect on the number of neuritic plaques (AD + AAVshTRPV1: n = 42 slices from 9 mice, 28.60 ± 3.11, p = .086 vs. AD + AAVEGFP; Figure 1g and h). This evidence concerns the gene TRPV1 and Alzheimer disease.