ABCB1 and ischemic stroke: For example, P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ MDR1/ ABCB1), a particularly important ABC transporter that is responsible for handling a wide variety of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics, is upregulated after ischemic stroke in rodents (Cen et al., 2013; Cui et al., 2015; Spudich et al., 2006).