The pathogenesis of ESCC is complex, where the interrelationship between environmental exposures and individual genetic mutations could result in the deterioration of ESCC.23, 24, 25 As revealed in our study, there were possible gene‐environment interactions for the polymorphisms of BTLA rs3112270 A > G with ESCC susceptibility; especially for the individuals with different BMI settings, their corresponding risk of ESCC was different. The gene discussed is BTLA; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.