Indeed, serum PS-PLA1 levels were higher in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 23.4 ± 9.1 μg/L (P < 0.01, n = 19), compared to those in healthy subjects (Fig. 2e), and tended to be higher in patients with liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus, 23.5 ± 5.9 μg/L, though not significant due to the small sample size (P = 0.053, n = 4). Here, PLA1A is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.