In these patients with HCC, serum levels of PS-PLA1 were measured as 23.3 ± 9.4 μg/L, which were significantly higher than those in 59 healthy subjects, 15.4 ± 10.7 μg/L, reported in our previous study24 (P < 0.01). This evidence concerns the gene PLA1A and hepatocellular carcinoma.