ACE and chronic kidney disease: As shown in Table 3, we found significant differences among patients using different dose of FA in the rate of male, age, hypertension, preoperative CKD (all p < 0.001), ASA grade (p = 0.001), general anesthesia (p = 0.006), preoperative medication of ACE inhibitor, CCB (all p < 0.001), ARB (p = 0.003), and diuretics (p < 0.001).