MT-CO3 and MELAS: Other mutations identified in MELAS include m.3271T>C [30] and m.1642G>A in the mitochondrially encoded tRNA valine (MT-TV) gene [31], which is a protein-encoding gene, m.9957T >C in the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome C oxidase III (MT-CO3) gene [32], and several mitochondrially encoded reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5 (MT-ND5) mutations (m.1277A>G, m.13045A>C, m.13513G>A, and m.13514A>G) [33,34,35,36].