Significant expression of MCM2 has been reported in Barrett dysplasia and EAC and in Barrett esophagus at subsequent risk of disease progression.29 Moreover, patients with EAC who have greater than 70% expression levels for MCM4 (high expression) had reduced survival compared with those with less than or equal to 70% nuclear staining for MCM4 (low expression).30 Abnormal expression of MCM2 in HPV-associated cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has resulted in its use as a screening test for these lesions.31,32. This evidence concerns the gene MCM2 and cervical cancer.