NPPA and heart failure: To determine whether DS37001789 had an anti-hypertrophic effect in TAC-induced mice after 4 weeks of administration, we measured the mRNA expression of regulator of calcineurin 1 (Rcan-1), which is a target gene of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway, and the mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), which are sensitive markers of heart failure and hypertrophy (Figure 6).