LGALS9 and pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm: Galectin-9 serum levels did not differ between healthy individuals (median 6.68 ng/ml) and benign pancreatic disease (CP, median 6.44 ng/ml; IPMN, median 7.53 ng/ml), but PDAC patients displayed the highest serum galectin-9 levels (median 9.13 ng/ml) (Fig. 6a).