Among them, cell cycle-apoptosis, Wnt, transcriptional migration, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), driver gene, Notch, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), and Ras signalling were significantly modulated in TTFields-treated and BTNP/TTFields-treated MCF-7 cells (Fig. 5b), implying that BTNPs/TTFields have a capacity to modulate several cancer signalling pathways. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.