The clinical phenotypes that are a result of different CaM mutations include long-QT syndrome (LQT), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) have been reviewed [19,58,59]. This evidence concerns the gene CALM1 and paroxysmal familial ventricular fibrillation.