Taken together with previous clinical and preclinical findings, the present demonstration suggests that the upregulation of cardiac Cx43 in cytosol by chronic administration of therapeutic-relevant concentration of VPA with enhancement of transported cytosol Cx43 to plasma membrane induced by CLZ plays an important role in the pathomechanisms of CLZ-induced myocarditis/cardiomyopathies. Here, GJA1 is linked to myocarditis.