Examples include abnormal lipid composition of the SC associated with impaired epidermal calcium gradients in KID syndrome [14,15], altered calcium gradients accompanied by increased skin pH and CE rearrangement in aging skin [16], loss-of-function mutations in filaggrin in atopic dermatitis [28], and increased activity of TG1 and serine proteases in Netherton syndrome [61]. The gene discussed is FLG; the disease is atopic eczema.