Similarly, immune-related genes such as HBEGF, SEMA7A, GLI1, IL10RA, JUNB, PSMD8, PTGES2, ILF3, NF-kB, and TNFRSF1B were over-expressed, while DUOX2 and RORA were under-expressed in DCIS and cancer compared to ADH and normal tissues in our study as well as that of Lee et al. [27]. Here, AVP is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.