PFDN1 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ: Interestingly, PFDN1, an active oncogene that encodes for a chaperone protein essential for cytoskeletal assembly and whose overexpression is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell invasion, was the highest hypomethylated gene in both DCIS and in invasive cancer (DiffMeth = −0.67 and −0.65, respectively) (Table S1)46.