DCX and glioma: To clarify the conflicting reports on the expression and functions of DCX in gliomas [14–18, 32], we probed human clinical biopsies of WHO grades II (LGG), III and IV (HGG) including non-neoplastic tissue samples and conventional glioma cell lines of human origin (U251MG, U343, and U87) as well as human astrocytes-hippocampal (HA-h), or C6 astroglioma cells of rat origin and rat’s astrocytes (RA) for DCX protein expression.