AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Based on double immunofluorescence staining, we observed that normal tissues showed strong positive signals of MFG-E8 in ductal areas (Figure 1B: Normal), as observed in Figure 1A. The expression levels of MFG-E8 and α-fetoprotein (AFP), a marker of HCC, were both significantly increased in HCC tissues (Figure 1B,C) and the immunofluorescence signals were overlapped in areas of high malignancy (Figure 1B: HCC high).