CD274 and neoplasm: In our opinion, since OV-IL12 treatment induces prominent anti-tumor immunity including increased expression of PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment, OV-IL12 therapy may improve the response rate to anti-PD-L1 treatment, especially in cancer patients who inherently lack PD-L1 expression and/or previously unresponsive to anti-PD-L1 treatment.