Because CTLA-4 and PD-1 regulate anti-tumor immunity via distinct and non-redundant immune evasion mechanisms [130,131,132], it is hypothesized that combinatorial blockade of two immune inhibitory pathways will produce enhanced anti-tumor immune effects and will synergize with the anti-tumor efficacy of G47Δ-IL12 (i.e., triple combination therapy: G47Δ-IL12+anti-PD-1+anti-CTLA-4). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.