IL-12 appears to be critical for this exceptional anti-tumor efficacy, since another triple combination therapy involving the base G47Δ (without IL-12 expression) plus two systemic ICI antibodies results in only 13% long-term survivors [25], as opposed to 89% from G47Δ-IL12 + anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 combination [19]. Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.