INS and liver disorder: The P4P cohort was associated with a reduced mortality rate in most of the stratified analysis, including the elderly (0.69 [0.53–0.90]), insulin users (0.47 [0.35–0.63]), liver disease (0.52 [0.33–0.80]), and renal disease (0.40 [0.20–0.78]) (Fig. 1).