In models 1–4, the association between offspring overweight/obesity and maternal 1-hour glucose level was significant after adjustment for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, offspring birth weight, and insulin therapy, and OR was 1.14 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.21) in model 1; 1.10 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.17) for adjustment for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, 1.10 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.17) for adjustment for offspring birth, and 1.12 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.22) for adjustment for insulin therapy, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.