ALB and nutritional deficiency disease: As disease‐related malnutrition is classically characterized by an increase ECW/ICW and decreased body cell mass, malnutrition (assessed by pre‐albumin, albumin, and malnutrition questionnaires [SGA and nutrition risk score in the ICU]) has been shown to be negatively correlated with phase angle.23, 24, 25, 26, 27 Due to the contributions of age, sex, and BMI to phase angle measurements, reference values were established and validated in order to calculate the standardized phase angle (SPhA), which controls for these variables.