SPIB and bacterial urinary tract infection: Spib- is a highly conserved ETS transcription factor that marks the primitive myeloid-cell lineage and is required for its development.3,10spib expression in myeloid precursors has been characterized in Xenopus,10 mouse,46 and humans.47 To specifically probe the role of the brain in establishing key cell types involved in innate immunity, we studied the spiba-positive10 cells in UTI and NI early-staged embryos (st. 28), subjected to the different surgical interventions (Ctrl, BR–, SC–, Tail–; Supplementary Fig. S2).