High CYP4A11 expression in the 139 RCCs was positively associated with PPARα expression, males, the non-ccRCC type, and high histologic grades (grade 1/2 versus grade 3/4) (p=0.001, p=0.018, p<0.001 and p<0.001). This evidence concerns the gene CYP4A11 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.