The study objectives were to assess the clinical efficacy, immune function (including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, natural killer (NK) cell count, IgA, IgG, and IgM), adverse events such as nausea and vomiting, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia of combination therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC (Figure 1). Here, CD40LG is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.