GFAP and colitis: Results of activated mitochondria in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions showed the same trend as that of GFAP and that the % area of mitofilin positive expression from DSS-induced colitis mice decreased significantly compared with control mice CA1 (Dss vs Con, 1.50 ± 0.39 vs 3.50 ± 0.76, P < 0.05) and CA3 (0.82 ± 0.08 vs 1.92 ± 0.41, P < 0.05), as shown in Figure 5.