Together, this absence of innate immune defect in the STAT3-deficient patients might explain why invasive aspergillosis is very rare in this primary immunodeficiency condition unlike in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) patients displaying a defective killing of Aspergillus by neutrophils, and these patients develop invasive aspergillosis (28, 29). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and immunodeficiency disease.