In addition, exacerbated inflammation in the placenta is associated with fetal growth restriction (44), and protein levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β were elevated in cytotrophoblasts exposed to uric acid crystals, suggesting that inflammasome activation may contribute to placental inflammation by exposure to uric acid crystals, which are known to be associated with fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia and inflammasome activation. Here, IL1B is linked to fetal growth restriction.