On the basis of these literature review, We built a RSV-induced pneumonia model in BALB/c mice for this experiment, and in the course of this study, we not only observed the inhibitory effect of Rhein on pneumonia induced by RSV infection, but also thought whether it deserves to further study, and whether the NLRP3 inflammasome and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via NF-κB pathway were involved in the related molecular mechanisms. Here, NLRP3 is linked to pneumonia.