Furthermore, we confirmed that α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a myofibroblast marker related to renal fibrosis, was significantly decreased in UUO kidneys treated with NS8593 (0.28 vs. 1.0 in UUO kidneys with non-treatment, Fig. 7d,e and Suppl. Here, ACTA1 is linked to renal fibrosis.