Because NF-κB pathway activation is an important component of the innate response to viral infection that occurs in response to signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), we assessed the changes in the expression of the mRNAs for endosomal TLRs 3, 7, 8, and 9 that were most relevant for responses to viral infection (Fig. 8A). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is viral infectious disease.