DDIT3 and breast carcinoma: Recently, Hsu et al. [72] showed that both commercial fucoidans from Laminaria japonica and F. vesiculosus prevented lung cancer cells via ROS-mediated induction, Chen et al. [73] reported that commercial fucoidan from F. vesiculosus inhibited MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and HCT116 colon cancer cells by increasing the expression of CHOP (related to ER-stress), and Park et al. [74] reported that AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells had enhanced autophagy and mitochondrial damage after treatment with commercial fucoidan (undefined source).