Previously, similar mitochondrial damage and chromatin condensation was found to be associated with increased accumulation of high intracellular levels of ROS, depletion of glutathione, increased Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio and activation of the caspase cascade in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells after U. pinnatifida treatment [59]. This evidence concerns the gene BAX and hepatocellular carcinoma.