RNASEL and viral infectious disease: In the literature, long rRNA fragments in eukaryotes were reported to be generated in response to viral infection by the mammalian RNAse L system [120] absent in Drosophila, to be present under oxidative stress and apoptotic conditions [121,122], as well as in the case of a number of mutations or depletions of ribosome biogenesis factors [123], of exosome and exosome-targeting components alone [97,124] and combined with stress/environmental insults [97,125,126].