ECRG4 and urinary bladder carcinoma: While considering that, we were able to increase sensitivity for bladder cancer detection up to 75% with improved specificity (85.9%; AUC: 0.807, 95% CI: 0.737–0.877) in a cohort comprising benign lesions and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract when combining ECRG4 with the known biomarker NID2 (Figure 4C,D).