In a study investigating the contribution of TLR4 in Aβ-induced upregulation of cytokines and chemokines, Aβ-induced microglial and astrocytes stimulation, and migration of leukocytes, there was an upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-17 levels in the brain of TLR4 WT AD mice. Here, TNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.