Besides, the association between pancreatic fibrosis and the level of chromogranin-A in tissue has had a couple of research findings as follows: (1) an increase in chromogranin A-positive but hormone-negative endocrine cells in the pancreatic tissue of cystic fibrosis patients [49] and chronic pancreatitis patients [50] and (2) an increased expression of chromogranin-A in the duodenal mucosa of pancreatic fibrosis patients [31]. This evidence concerns the gene CHGA and cystic fibrosis.