PIM1 and breast carcinoma: Overall, considering the encouraging evidence surrounding PIM kinase inhibitors in combination with other inhibitors in cancer therapy [31, 32, 63], and evidence suggesting targeting multiple pathways simultaneously will rescue sensitivity [18, 20, 22, 51], as well as the in vitro and in vivo studies of IBL-302 in preclinical breast cancer models presented in this paper, we believe that the dual PI3K/mTOR and PIM inhibitor IBL-302 should be investigated further in breast cancer.