FGF23 and atherosclerosis: Fibroblast growth factor-23 gene excision can lead to a wide range of premature aging-like manifestations in humans, including growth retardation, hunchback, muscle wasting, infertility, atherosclerosis, extensive soft tissue calcification, multiple organ system atrophy, biologic disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, emphysema, osteoporosis and severe life expectancy39.